Introduction In a recent post I focused on the importance and value of total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) testing. That post addressed the...

Introduction After all the many years I've been working in water and wastewater treatment it's really just this past year that I have...

In former days, when I did a lot of polymer-focused jar testing, I had three products in my polymer test kit that I never fully...

Three graphics of the nitrogen cycle are shown in this short, simple post. The first graphic below is one of the most common and you will...

Testing Equipment for Water, Reverse Osmosis, and Wastewater There are several "sets" of laboratory equipment that are critical for...

Composition of a Bacterial Cell There are two formulas used to describe a bacterial cell. Both are discussed below. The most widely used...

Level 3: Treatability OUR Testing This level of oxygen uptake rate (OUR) testing is used to evaluate the impact of different chemical...

Level 2: Time to Endogenous Respiration Many activated sludge systems do not achieve endogenous respiration by the time the mixed liquor...

State Point Analysis With just six data inputs, state point analysis (SPA) would seem to provide a simple mathematical model for...

Introduction Before going into a detailed discussion of the F:M (food-to-mass or food-to-microorganism) ratio I want to let you know...

Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) Measuring the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) is such an easy, insightful test to perform, it’s a...

Level 1: Oxygen Uptake Rate—An Introduction Whenever I evaluate a biological treatment system there are two sets of tests I always run:...